Expertise - The Difference Between Novices and Experts

The standard picture of expertise is that experts reason automatically and fluently, moving from problems to solutions in a straight line. Novices stumble through effortful problem solving, hitting dead ends as they work toward the answer. Marlene Skardemalea and Carl Beritay say new writers exhibit surprising fluency. They find that novices use what they call a knowledge-telling strategy. A novice tries to recall as many ideas as possible that fit the topic and the conventions of the writing format. In contrast, experienced writers use a more elaborate process they called a knowledge transformation strategy.