Philosophy in the Mughal Period

The Kaznavid dynasty, founded by Al-Biruni's master Mahmoud, was the first Islamic power to dominate Indian territory. A series of less enduring sultanates based at Delhi in the north maintained Islamic political presence in India for several centuries. Ideas flowed from Persia into India, even as the empires were establishing themselves. The Mughals rose to power at about the same time as the Safavids in Iran and these powerful empires set the stage for two vibrant philosophical traditions.