Approximately 350,000 adults per year in the US experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Only about 10% of such patients survive their initial hospitalization. The key drivers of successful resuscitation from OHCA are bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). Survival rates from OHCA vary dramatically between US regions. For instance, the extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) program at the University of Minnesota has over a 40% survival rate in patients with OHCA and refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) based on data published in the ARREST trial. In this episode, we are joined by experts from the University of Minnesota, including Dr. Jason Bartos (Interventional and Critical Care Faculty) and Dr. Julie Power (Chief Fellow at University of Minnesota and CardioNerds Academy Fellow), along with Dr. Yoav Karpenshif (Co-Chair Critical Care Series, University of Pennsylvania) and CardioNerds Co-Founders (Amit Goyal and Dan Ambinder) to discuss cardiac arrest, E-CPR, & post-arrest care. This includes targeted temperature management, coronary angiography and revascularization, as well as the growing field of eCPR and VA ECMO. Episode introduction by CardioNerds Clinical Trialist Dr. Jason Feinman. Audio editing by CardioNerds Academy Intern, Shivani Reddy.
The CardioNerds Cardiac Critical Care Series is a multi-institutional collaboration made possible by contributions of stellar fellow leads and expert faculty from several programs, led by series co-chairs, Dr. Mark Belkin, Dr. Eunice Dugan, Dr. Karan Desai, and Dr. Yoav Karpenshif.
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Abbreviations - Cardiac Arrest, E-CPR, & Post-Arrest Care
eCPR- extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation
VA ECMO- veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
VT/VF- ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation
ACLS- advanced cardiovascular life support
ROSC- return of spontaneous circulation-
OHCA- out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
IHCA- in-hospital cardiac arrest
TTM- targeted temperature management
Pearls and Quotes - Cardiac Arrest, E-CPR, & Post-Arrest Care
The ARREST trial showed early VA ECMO-facilitated resuscitation for patients with OHCA and refractory VF significantly improved survival to hospital discharge when compared to standard ACLS treatment.Coronary artery disease is common in the setting of cardiac arrest, with up to 96% of patients with STEMI on post resuscitation EKG and up to 85% of refractory out-of-hospital VT/VF arrests.Guidelines recommend emergent coronary angiography for patients with ST-segment elevation on the post-ROSC ECG.The role of timing of revascularization after ROSC in patients without STEMI or shock is unknown.The role of coronary angiography in cardiac arrest with nonshockable rhythms is also unclear.The current AHA guidelines recommend initiation of targeted temperature management between 32°C and 36°C for at least 24 hours for all patients who do not follow commands after ROSC in both OHCA and IHCA.
Show notes - Cardiac Arrest, E-CPR, & Post-Arrest Care
1. What are early post arrest management considerations?
The key drivers of successful resuscitations from OHCA: CPR and public use of AEDs in the field. After initial stabilization, care of the critically ill post-arrest patient hinges on hemodynamic support, mechanical ventilation, temperature management, attending to adverse sequelae of arrest, and diagnosis and treatment of underlying causes of arrest. Coronary artery disease is common in the setting of VT/VF cardiac arrest,
