The Gaelic Irish and the New English

By the time Elizabeth came to the throne it seemed that Gaelic customs and culture far from being subsumed by Englishness or actually growing in strength. There was a difference then and increasingly natural antagonism between the new English and the old English, especially as the reformation failed to take deep root in Ireland. It became possible by the end of Elizabeth's reign to conceive of the idea of an Anglo-Irish nationalism rather than simply English versus Gaelic Irish.