Understanding Non-Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis

This chapter delves into the diagnosis and management of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, a condition where individuals exhibit symptoms of spondylar arthritis without radiographic sacroiliitis. It explores the history of axial SPA, diagnostic criteria, the evolution from relying solely on plain radiographs to advanced imaging, and treatment recommendations including biologic therapy. The chapter also discusses the progression from non-radiographic disease to ankylosing spondylitis, demographic differences in treatment outcomes, and the importance of confirming the diagnosis with a rheumatologist.