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The History of Italy in the Early Iron Age
The Apennine Mountains split Italy in two, running north-south along the middle. There are some exceptionally productive areas at lower elevations that have tended to be important for processes of urbanization and state formation. Different parts of Italy tend to orient themselves in different directions because there's so much more proximate to other parts of the Mediterranean or Europe than they already each other. The elites of different Italian groups were particularly notable for their tight connections to one another during the Iron Age.