Geoengineering and Ocean Iron Fertilization

The ocean is vast and complex, but I’m sure we can fix climate change by dumping a bunch of algae food into it.

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CREDITS 

• Created by: Rollie Williams, Nicole Conlan & Ben Boult
• Hosts: Rollie Williams & Nicole Conlan
• Executive Producer: Ben Boult 
• Producer: Gregory Haddock 
• Editor: Brittany Terrell
• Researchers: Carly Rizzuto, Canute Haroldson & James Crugnale
• Art: Jordan Doll 
• Music: Tony Domenick 
• Special thanks: The Civil Liberties Defense Center

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SOURCES

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• Biello, D. (2012, July 12). Controversial Spewed Iron Experiment Succeeds as Carbon Sink. Scientific American. 
• Boyd, P., & Vivian, C. (2019). Should we fertilize oceans or seed clouds? No one knows. Nature, 570(7760), 155–157. 
• Brogan, J. (2016a, January 6). Can We Stop Climate Change by Tinkering With the Atmosphere? Slate Magazine; Slate. 
• Brogan, J. (2016b, January 6). Your Geoengineering Cheat Sheet. Slate. 
• Buckley, C. (2024, February 2). Could a Giant Parasol in Outer Space Help Solve the Climate Crisis? The New York Times. 
• Chu, J. (2020, February 17). Seeding oceans with iron may not impact climate change. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 
• Clegg, B. (2016, July 23). The Planet Remade - Oliver Morton ****. Popsciencebooks.blogspot.com. 
• Cohen, A. (2021, January 11). A Bill Gates Venture Aims To Spray Dust Into The Atmosphere To Block The Sun. What Could Go Wrong? Forbes. 
• Collins, G. (2016, January 15). Geoengineering’s Moral Hazard Problem. Slate. 
• Geoengineering Monitor. (2021, April 9). Ocean Fertilization (technology briefing). Geoengineering Monitor. 
• Hickel, J., & Slamersak, A. (2022). Existing climate mitigation scenarios perpetuate colonial inequalities. The Lancet Planetary Health, 6(7), e628–e631. 
• IPCC95. (1995). INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Second Assessment Climate Change 1995 A REPORT OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE. 
• Jiang, X., Zhao, X., Sun, X., Roberts, A. P., Appy Sluijs, Chou, Y.-M., Yao, W., Xing, J., Zhang, W., & Liu, Q. (2024). Iron fertilization–induced deoxygenation of eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean intermediate waters during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum. Geology. 
• Kaufman, R. (2019, March 11). The Risks, Rewards and Possible Ramifications of Geoengineering Earth’s Climate. Smithsonian; Smithsonian.com. 
• Keith, D. W. (2000). Geoengineering the Climate: History and Prospect. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25(1), 245–284. 
• Mandel, K. (2015, September 29). Everyone Warned the Breakthrough Ecomodernists To Avoid Toxic Owen Paterson – But They Said “F@*%You.” DeSmog. 
• McKenzie, J. (2022, August 11). Dodging silver bullets: how cloud seeding could go wrong. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 
• Monbiot, G. (2015, September 24). Meet the ecomodernists: ignorant of history and paradoxically old-fashioned. The Guardian. 
• Morton, O. (2012, August 9). On Geoengineering. The Breakthrough Institute. 
• Morton, O. (2016). The planet remade : how geoengineering could change the world. Princeton University Press.
• National Academy of Sciences. (1992). Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaptation, and the Science Base. In National Academies Press. National Academies Press. 
• Robock, A. (2008). 20 reasons why geoengineering may be a bad idea. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 64(2), 14–18. 
• Rubin, A. J., & Denton, B. (2022, August 28). Cloud Wars: Mideast Rivalries Rise Along a New Front. The New York Times. 
• Schneider, S. H. (2008). Geoengineering: could we or should we make it work? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 366(1882), 3843–3862. 
• Seabrook, V. (2016, October 10). Professor Brian Cox and Co Take Down Climate Science Deniers’ Arguments, Discuss Brexit. DeSmog. 
• Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. (n.d.). Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. 
• Stephens, J. C., & Surprise, K. (2020). The hidden injustices of advancing solar geoengineering research. Global Sustainability, 3. 
• Temple, J. (2019, August 9). What is geoengineering—and why should you care? MIT Technology Review. 
• Temple, J. (2022, July 1). The US government is developing a solar geoengineering research plan. MIT Technology Review. 
• The Breakthrough Institute. (2015, April 1). An Ecomodernist Manifesto - English. The Breakthrough Institute. 
• Tollefson, J. (2018). First sun-dimming experiment will test a way to cool Earth. Nature, 563(7733), 613–615. 
• Unit, B. (2017, March 23). Climate-related Geoengineering and Biodiversity. Www.cbd.int. 
• UNODA. (1978, October 5). Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD) – UNODA. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. 
• Vetter, D. (2022, January 20). Solar Geoengineering: Why Bill Gates Wants It, But These Experts Want To Stop It. Forbes. 
• Vidal, J. (2012, February 6). Bill Gates backs climate scientists lobbying for large-scale geoengineering. The Guardian. 
• Visioni, D., Slessarev, E., MacMartin, D. G., Mahowald, N. M., Goodale, C. L., & Xia, L. (2020). What goes up must come down: impacts of deposition in a sulfate geoengineering scenario. Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 094063. 
• Wagner, G. (2016, December 8). The Planet Remade: How Geoengineering Could Change the World by Oliver Morton. Www.ethicsandinternationalaffairs.org. 
• Yonekura, E. (2022, October 19). Why Not Space Mirrors? The Rand Blog. 

CORRECTION:

• Nicole states that harassing a manatee is a felony. It is, in fact, a very expensive misdemeanor, punishable by fines up to $100,000 and/or one year in prison. (Source)

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