In the book you see much more a malthusian that the problem over the very long run is simply the ebbs and flows of population. You'd expect living standards to increase on average by just enough to support the 30% per century population growth rate, rather than the 10%. But still life expectancy is still a mALTHUSian economy. The interesting question is what happens between 1770 and 1870 when we get our global rate of technological progress up to almost half a percent per year. That could kind of eat all that up in terms of smaller farm sizes offsetting better technology but you do have an upper class whose living standards are being transformed by new inventions.

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