Introduction

One way valves are critical to the function of each chamber of the heart. When these valves fail and allow significant retrograde flow, we see the clinical phenomenon of regurgitation today. A trivial amount of mitral regugetation may be normal in up to 70% of healthy adults but significant amounts are not primary. Regurgetation can also be caused by alvidis function and dilatation, which is called functional or secondary mr. This can be caused by any process that affects contraction or causes structural changes to the ventricle itself. In acute m r, the elvi increases its stroke volume along the frank star curve to try to maintain adequate forward flow. Despite