The Importance of the Abolition of the Imperial Exam

The abolition of the imperial exam was another big grievance for especially local elites to join these anti-Buching nationalist secret societies. But they were already nationalists. They were already anti-Tung a lot of them. And so we wanted to sort of go back and figure out like, okay, well, you know, that the abolition of the exam was clearly important to mobilizing people into it but the roots of the radicalization was clearly earlier in the biographies.