How Did the Goldsmiths Create a Lot of Claims Against the Depositors?

The system of fractional reserve lending that emerged privately for a while. The government was the one who ultimately kind of caused this initial issue. They created the bank of england as a way to pay back their debts to the goldsmith bankers. But they inherently blamed centralization through these banks, where they would cause either an issue in the private markets or tget more control over them. And then eventually we saw the bank ofengland expand and then stand on its own two feet.