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The Baath Party: From Nationalism to Repression
This chapter examines the Syrian Baath Party's origins and ideological evolution, tracing its shifts from Arab nationalism and socialism under early leaders like Michelle Aflak to the repressive regime established by Assad. It explores the complexities of sectarianism, the military's influence, and Assad Sr.'s strategic manipulations that fostered both patronage and oppression. The chapter also discusses the transition to Bashar Assad's rule, addressing neoliberal reforms and the social unrest that led to the Syrian uprising in 2011.