Major Transitions in Evolution

What do biology, religion, philosophy, and economics all have in common? Well, to some degree, they can all be grounded in the theory of evolution. 

David Sloan Wilson is a professor emeritus of biology and anthropology at Binghamton University at the State University of New York. He’s written a slew of books on a wide range of topics, all dealing with evolution like, Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior and Evolution for Everyone: How Darwin's Theory Can Change the Way We Think About Our Lives. 

David and Greg discuss how everything can be explained by evolution, why the last 50 years of science have been groundbreaking, and Darwinism’s shifts over time. 

*unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*

Episode Quotes:

What are the dominant narratives in the management field?

42:34: So you have two things that are dominant narratives in the management field: laissez-faire and centralized planning, command and control planning, and neither one works. What does work is a process of managed cultural evolution. It's where we have a whole field of management that could not be more important for human affairs, which are suffering under these faulty ideas and just waiting for this in a series of essays or print conversations, this third wave, a managed process of cultural evolution... These two things don't work, and only one thing that can work emerges and is what practitioners typically converge on. So if you look at people that are not driven theoretically but have a lot of experience, they've typically become pragmatic cultural evolutionists. They try a bunch of stuff out. They have some systemic goal. They stick with what works, and then they repeat.

On Darwin's impact on human understanding

04:11: It is still the case that Darwin's theory of evolution is the unrivaled explanatory framework for all living processes. It is indeed true that nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. Now, when we go to humans, the very concept that humans are not part of biology is weird, but there's a historical reason why this framework, for all of its explanatory scope within biology, was constricted and was not applied to humans, especially human cultural evolution, until the closing decades of the 20th century. But now, that is taking place.

Does selfishness beat altruism in groups?

20:57: All natural selection is based on relative fitness. It doesn't matter how well you survive and reproduce in absolute terms; only compared to other organisms in your vicinity. And because of relative fitness, any behavior or trait that is oriented towards the welfare of others or one's group as a whole has a disadvantage—an inherent disadvantage compared to a more self-serving trait. So, that's why selfishness beats altruism within groups.

The Intersection of genes and symbols in shaping our worldview

45:05: The concept of a symbotype is the cultural equivalent of your genes, both for your symbotype and your genotype. There's quite a bit of flexibility in the way you see the world and your genes; they actually provide you with a repertoire of behaviors. So, you respond to your environment, but it's a limited repertoire, and if you want to go beyond that repertoire, you need to change something. You need to change your genes; you need to change your symbols. So, to an extent, in order to change the way we see the world and act upon the world—in other words, what takes place on the outside, we must change what takes place on the inside.

Show Links:

Recommended Resources:

• On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
• Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution by Theodosius Dobzhansky
• Why is Economics not an Evolutionary Science by Thorstein Veblen
• William James
• Charles Sanders Peirce
• Herbert Spencer
• Sociobiology: The New Synthesis by E.O. Wilson
• Adaptation and Natural Selection by George C. Williams
• The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins
• Chaos: Making a New Science by James Gleick
• The Rainforest: The Secret to Building the Next Silicon Valley by Victor Hwang
• Elinor Ostrom

Guest Profile:

• Faculty Profile at Binghamton University
• Professional Website
• ProSocial World

His Work:

• Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior 
• Darwin's Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society
• Evolution for Everyone: How Darwin's Theory Can Change the Way We Think About Our Lives
• This View of Life: Completing the Darwinian Revolution
• The Neighborhood Project: Using Evolution to Improve My City, One Block at a Time
• Does Altruism Exist?: Culture, Genes, and the Welfare of Others (Foundational Questions in Science)
• A Life Informed By Evolution: A Memoir 
• Atlas hugged : the autobiography of John Galt III