Why did each of the successor canats become more religious than gangus khan's larger empire had been? And and in what way did these empires become more religious, given that his claim of the mandate of heaven was also so critical to his legitimacy. How do you get people you're ruling over, or governing over, except your authority? One time tested way is religion. But it also creates, in other problems, because there's a contradiction between the chingistmod and islam. So how doyou reconcile aparticular understanding of sovereignty that puts all to power in the ruler on earth with world view that essentiallyi puts it elsewhere, you know, in the beyond?"
Ayşe Zarakol on her book Before the West: The Rise and Fall of Eastern World Orders. How centuries of Asian empires from Genghis Khan to Timur and the early Ming Dynasty through the Ottomans and Mughals built dominant world orders and, ultimately, shaped the rise of Europe—and how that all might shape how we think about the crisis in the world order today.
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