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Closed off in the Gateway City

We Live Here

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How to Create an Exclusive Enclave in St. Louis

The rich in America used to live in city centers. But as cities became more industrialized, Michael says the wealthiest wanted to create exclusive enclaves away from pollution and horse manure. St. Louis had one in 1849 that wiped out most the center of the riverfront. Chicago would have one in 1871. And after the city adopted zoning, deed restrictions would be used primarily to restrict the migration of African Americans throughout the city.

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