X - A Critique of What White People Do Collectively

Until the last year or so of x's life, he categorically rejected any possibility that white americans might be persuaded to make more than superficial gestures in the direction of racial equality. It was a pessimistic outlook, one well founded in his own experience when he was first introduced to the nation of islam portrayal of white people as devils. He reserved special disdain for the few upwardly mobile blacks who had managed to integrate into white society with a modicum of success. Echoing e franklin fraser's critique of the black bourgeoisie, he argued that they were simply being manipulated and duped by white Americana. This was also his verdict on moderate civil rights activis, including king,