Nicholas of Autrecourt's Skeptical Challenge to Aristotle's Foundationalism

The chapter discusses Nicholas of Autrecourt's skeptical challenge to Aristotle's foundationalism, arguing that certainty is nearly impossible to achieve and our grasp of the truth is merely probable. Nicholas questions the existence of substances and the certainty of necessary causal connections. They explore different responses to Nicholas's challenge, including rejecting the all-or-nothing nature of certainty and considering contextual standards of certainty.