How Do Bacteria Survive High UV Rays?

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Bacteria have adapted to very high UV radiation, and it's because early Earth didn't have an ozone layer. The ancestors of those bacteria originated in a world where you had lots of short UV coming down at the surface. Depending on the environment, they are going to switch some of these defenses adaptation on or off. But if you find them here in California, they will turn their protection against UV during the day in summer, and they will switch it off at the end of the day.

Nathalie Cabrol is an astrobiologist at the SETI Institute, directing the Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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OUTLINE:
Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time.
(00:00) – Introduction
(06:47) – Working in extreme environments
(11:26) – Water and life on Mars
(19:31) – Origin of life
(37:00) – Complexity
(40:37) – AI
(49:23) – Extinction
(57:06) – Fermi Paradox
(1:10:48) – SETI research
(1:13:39) – Diving in volcanic lakes
(1:32:57) – Surviving an earthquake on a volcano
(1:43:37) – Resilience of life
(1:51:31) – Life below the surface of Mars
(2:00:26) – Depression
(2:04:08) – Mortality