The Risk of Bleeding in Surgery

There are some IV forms of these direct thrombin inhibitors and direct 10a inhibitors but obviously patients aren't going to be on them as an outpatient. So the risk of bleeding is often estimated various specialty societies orthopedics, neurosurgery etc. will publish risk of bleeding of procedures within their specialty. The consequences of bleeding are kind of clinician judgment and obviously you need to be much more careful as we said with niraxial, intracranial or spinal bleeding compared to peritoneal for example. In addition to the risk inherent in any given surgery for bleeding some more than others there are patient factors that can put someone at risk for bleeding around a procedure.