What defines an interstellar object

Avi compares 3I/ATLAS to 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov and explains rarity and speeds.

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Join us LIVE with Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb for the final verdict on the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS, the third confirmed visitor from beyond our solar system. We examine the newly proposed 14th anomaly: the remarkably rare alignment of 3I/ATLAS’s rotation axis within about 8 degrees of the sunward direction at distances greater than 5 AU, a configuration with a probability of less than about 0.5 percent if random.

This alignment has major implications for how we interpret the object’s anti-tail jet geometry, rotational dynamics, and overall physical behavior, adding to a growing list of anomalies that strain standard cometary explanations. Whether you are interested in jets, rotation periods, anti-tail physics, or what these observations imply about natural versus technological origins, this livestream offers a rigorous, evidence-driven deep dive. We will lay out the data, compare competing interpretations, and ask the central question: is 3I/ATLAS simply an unusual comet, or something fundamentally different?

Run of Show

00:00 – 02:00 Intro and context: Discovery of 3I/ATLAS, orbital properties, and why it has drawn intense attention.

02:00 – 05:00 What is an interstellar object: Comparison with 1I/Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov.

05:00 – 10:00 Anomalies 1 through 5: Brief recap of the earliest reported oddities, including trajectory and activity.

10:00 – 15:00 Anti-tail observations and physics: Explanation of the sunward anti-tail and why it is unusual.

15:00 – 20:00 Rotation period and periodic behavior: Discussion of the roughly 15.5 to 16.2 hour signal and its interpretation.

20:00 – 25:00 Recap of the first 13 anomalies: How they are ranked by likelihood and what they suggest.

25:00 – 30:00 The 14th anomaly: rotation-axis alignment: Geometry, probability estimates, and why this feature stands out.

30:00 – 35:00 Possible mechanisms for axis alignment: Assessment of natural processes versus alternative explanations.

35:00 – 40:00 Jet collimation and structure: Why the sunward jet remains narrow and persistent.

40:00 – 45:00 Implications for outgassing models: Where standard cometary physics succeeds or fails.

45:00 – 50:00 Natural versus non-natural scenarios: Clear comparison of competing hypotheses.

50:00 – 55:00 Future observations and missions: What additional data could resolve the debate.

55:00 – 60:00 Audience Q and A: Live questions with Avi Loeb.

60:00 – 65:00 Wrap-up and final thoughts: Synthesis of the evidence and implications for future research.

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