Historical Struggles of Jewish Communities

This chapter explores the historical challenges faced by Jewish communities, particularly focusing on the controversial insights of the Frankfurt School regarding mental illness and governmental inquiries into the 'Jewish question' during the 19th century. It highlights the cyclical patterns of discrimination and misunderstanding surrounding Jewish economic activities and land ownership, particularly during the reign of Tsar Alexander II. The narrative delves into Jewish emigration from rural Russia to urban areas, emphasizing the socio-political motivations that shaped their migration and the emergence of economic Zionism in the United States.