While modern biological racism had yet to emerge, conceptions of racial difference and crucially, European superiority were conditioned at this time by the concept of land use. The anti-Semitic trope of the wandering Jew that was all too familiar by the 17th and 18th centuries colors petty's assessment of Jews in Europe. Petty's comments about Jews both simply mimic and echo very, you know, long-standing forms of anti-Semitism.

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