This chapter discusses Natalie Clifford Barney's early experiences and realization of her attraction to other girls, exploring societal attitudes towards lesbianism in the 19th century.
Natalie Clifford Barney was an incredibly privileged woman who hobnobbed with many notable intellectual and artistic figures in history. Part one covers her upbringing, her young adult life in Paris, and her massive inheritance.
Research:
- Barney, Natalie Clifford. “POEMS & POÈMES: autres alliances.” Paris and New York. 1920. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/49942/49942-h/49942-h.htm
- Conliffe, Ciaran. “Natalie Clifford Barney, Queen Of The Paris Lesbians.” HeadStuff. 9/25/2017. https://headstuff.org/culture/history/natalie-clifford-barney-queen-of-the-paris-lesbians/
- Craddock, James. “Barney, Natalie.” Encyclopedia of World Biography (Vol. 33. 2nd ed.). 2013.
- Engelking, Tama Lea. “The Literary Friendships of Natalie Clifford Barney: The Case of Lucie Delarue-Mardrus.” Women in French Studies, Volume 7, 1999, pp. 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1353/wfs.1999.0007
- “Natalie Clifford Barney.” Encyclopedia of World Biography Online. 2023.
- Goodman, Lanie. “Wealthy, Scandalous and Powerful.” France Today. February/March 2020.
- O’Neil, Shannon Leigh. “A Steamy Novel From ‘the Amazon.’” The Gay & Lesbian Review. March-April 2017.
- Rapazzini, Francesco. “Elisabeth de Gramont, Natalie Barney's ‘Eternal Mate.’” South Central Review , Fall, 2005, Vol. 22, No. 3, Natalie Barney and Her Circle (Fall, 2005). https://www.jstor.org/stable/40039992
- Ray, Chelsea. “Natalie Barney (1876-1972): Writer, salon hostess, and eternal friend. Interview with Jean Chalon.” Women in French Studies, Volume 30, 2022, pp. 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2022.0012
- Robertson, Kieran. “Amazon, Empress, and Friend: The Life of Natalie Clifford Barney.” Ohio History Connection. https://www.ohiohistory.org/amazon-empress-and-friend-the-life-of-natalie-clifford-barney/
- Rodriguez, Suzanne. “Wild Heart: Natalie Clifford Barney and the Decadence of Literary Paris.” Harper Collins. 2003.
- Washington Post. “This Was Love Indeed!” 5/7/1911. https://www.newspapers.com/image/19409771/
- Wickes, George. “A Natalie Barney Garland.” The Paris Review. Issue 61, Spring 1975. https://www.theparisreview.org/letters-essays/3870/a-natalie-barney-garland-george-wickes
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