Is the VSM Applied to Co-Ops?

The VSM is a whole systems theory and I'm quoting here that almost all other theories of organization think in a billiard ball model. They forget that A, B and C are inextricably linked with a myriad of other factors. For any model to work it must take all of this complexity into account, right? Like and sort of messy reciprocal interactions which is quite different from our usual way of thinking about organizations. The paper was written as a brief like not just for an academic audience but to be understandable to anyone with a professional interest so it's informed by experience and really well put together.