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The Dissociable Functions of Dreaming
The main subjects of REM sleep research had been rats and cats. I wanted to know how are the contents of dreams altered by damage to different parts of the brain. This led me to the absolutely surprising discovery that patients who lost the capacity to generate REM sleep, nevertheless retained the capacity to dream. So you can dream without having any REM sleep. And what is more, there were other patients in whom there was a preservation of REM sleep. These are not the same thing, REM sleep and dreaming are what we call doubly dissociable functions.