
The Universal Optimal Design of Vertebrate Limbs
Intelligent Design the Future
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The Engineering of Limbs: Nature and Robotics
This chapter explores the intricate designs of vertebrate limbs, particularly focusing on birds and frogs, highlighting their specialized muscle structures and adaptations for flight and jumping. It discusses how these natural designs not only exemplify evolutionary optimization but also inspire advancements in robotic engineering. Additionally, the chapter critiques the implications of these comparisons for evolutionary theory, questioning the foundations of Darwinian principles.
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