Navigating Low Earth Orbit: Challenges and Innovations

This chapter explores the intricacies of satellite operations in low Earth orbit, including the constraints of atmospheric drag, the risks posed by space debris, and innovative planetary defense concepts. It highlights the evolution of mission planning for human crews on the ISS, as well as the Nmap mission's use of hyperspectral imaging for environmental monitoring. The discussion underlines the shift from traditional planning to reactive strategies, enhancing satellite operational efficiency and mission responsiveness.