The Evolution of String Theory

Lenny Sussken: I began to wonder, maybe we're wrong about time emerging from law and quantum cosmology. And that, I began to think maybe we should make quantum cosmology in some way in which time is fundamental. He says a collaboration of people at Stanford discovered they could make string theories that had positive vacuum energy but only at the cost of their being vast numbers. So really they got back to where Andy Strominger was in 1988,. All of a sudden, and Lenny Suss Ken here played a big role.