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Gene therapy won't be suitable for everyone, because known gene mutations determine only a small proportion of cases of Alzheimer's. The company AlcaHest has completed a small clinical trial testing whether factors in the blood of young people could replace those lost in the aging process. Most researchers think that treatment will need to be personalised. Those at different disease stages will need different therapies. It is too early to say which, if any of these potential new therapies will pan out.

Last year, researchers announced that the Alzheimer’s drug lecanemab lowered the amount of amyloid protein plaques associated with the disease in the brains of participants in a clinical trial, and slowed their cognitive decline.

Now, researchers are looking to drug combinations, vaccines and gene therapy to tackle different stages of the disease, as they forge the next generation of treatments for the condition.

This is an audio version of our Feature: Conquering Alzheimer’s: a look at the therapies of the future

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