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operation that later went on to become even more kind of a represented by its military side. And then you have the role of all these corporations also that were a, you know, basically, you know, you describe how it led the first ederation of windows and, you
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personal computing in some ways. So how did all these different interests work together? And, you know, is there anything to this broader conspiracy belief that you hear sometimes, that, you know, the military created the internet with some sort of a, i don't know, a nefarious intent to control people in some ways? Yet, i think once again, you have to go back to to bob taylor and his role. Bob was at arpa. You know, he had a a very high level post there, and he wasn't really thinking about military applications when he called for the development of this, this inter network. He was really thinking about the best way to essentially have machines communicate with humans. That was his thing. He worked with a guy as his mentor at the on was a kind of j c r. Lickliter they were theorists and advocates of using computers and really graphical implementations of computer screens. So that computers and humans could communicate, really, humans could communicate with computers. Really, the humans were always the leading factors. So, so bob was really trying to implement a techn that he understood from the beginning would have really mostly civilian applications. He was at the pentagon, so he had to bow to some extent toward a military needs. But at that point, as i said, darpa was known as orpa. It was really under under licklider and taylor. It had a very broad portfolio. It was not focused on only militarya ations. It was focused on applications that undoubtedly would have military uses. But he was really thinking much, much more broadly. And that's the way the internet was developed. You know, the aspects that he specified that it had to be resistant to interference, it had to be resistant to a to tampering. These were all factors that were would be important for any use of a network like this, not particularly military. And so do you think with time, the military took more of an interest in this technology? Because it wast juast a geni an a bottle kind of thing. It emerges from one of these purely, almost purely scientific projects. And then, you know, more use cases are developed, and and a, and arpa becomes darpa. Or how did that exactly go? I think the mil e became interested in the applications of these networks with pretty much the same schedule, or at the same pace that that the scientific researchers became interested ind it, technical researchers. We have to think back that this was in the very, very early days of computer science as a discipline. It grew out of electrical engineer i as a discipline. But it really began to ave become much more specialized around this same time, really, the early 19 seventies, a late sixties, an and early 19 seventies. Now, there was this other thread that was going on at the time that was associated, i think, with the fall out from the vianam war. And that was a debate over to what extent the pentagon should be involving itself in really civilian search and civilian research funding and civilian research techniques.