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Restoring the Alto Computer and the Origin of 80 Column Text
Exploring the efforts to restore the iconic Alto computer and its pioneering WYSIWYG technology, as well as delving into the historical origins and debates around 80 column text in computing, including discussions on line printers and column width preferences.
You can find Ken on Twitter at twitter.com/kenshirriff and his blog righto.com.
- Soyuz blog post:
http://www.righto.com/2020/01/inside-digital-clock-from-soyuz.html
- IBM System/370: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/370
- Amdahl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation
- Build Your Own Z80 Computer:
https://books.google.com/books?id=mVQnFgWzX0AC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Euler: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonhard_Euler
- Commodore PET: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET
- TRS-80 (Trash-80): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRS-80 https://techland.time.com/2012/08/03/trs-80/
- Visual 6502: http://www.visual6502.org/
- MOS 6502: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502
- Metallurgy microscope: https://www.amscope.com/compound-microscopes/metallurgical-microscopes.html
- AM2900: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_Am2900
- MOS transistor: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET
- Cray-1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray-1
- Intel 4004: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004
- Datapoint 2200: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datapoint_2200
- Intel 8008: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8008
- Endianness: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness
- TTL chips: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor%E2%80%93transistor_logic
- Big Endian and Little Endian:
https://chortle.ccsu.edu/AssemblyTutorial/Chapter-15/ass15_3.html
- Xerox Alto: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto
- Charles Simonyi: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simonyi
- Punched cards: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punched_card
- Why did line printers have 132 columns?:
https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/7838/why-did-line-printers-have-132-columns
- Teletype 33: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletype_Model_33
- Analogue computer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_computer
- Analogue computer thread: https://twitter.com/kenshirriff/status/1223675683387265024
- Differential analyser: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_analyser
- Bitcoin mining on a 1401:
http://www.righto.com/2015/05/bitcoin-mining-on-55-year-old-ibm-1401.html
- Mining bitcoin with pencil and paper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3dqhixzGVo
- Bitcoin mining on a Xerox Alto:
http://www.righto.com/2017/07/bitcoin-mining-on-vintage-xerox-alto.html
- Bitcoin mining on the Apollo Guidance computer:
http://www.righto.com/2019/07/bitcoin-mining-on-apollo-guidance.html
- Colossus computer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer
- Accounting machine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_machine
- Memory phosphor: https://www.britannica.com/science/memory-phosphor
- Rowhammer: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_hammer
- Core memory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-core_memory
- Williams tube: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_tube
- Core rope memory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_rope_memory
- Honeywell 800: https://people.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/h800.html
- Honeywell 1800: https://www.computerhistory.org/brochures/doc-4372956da1170/
http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL64-h.html#HONEYWELL-1800
- SPARC delayed branching:
https://arcb.csc.ncsu.edu/~mueller/codeopt/codeopt00/notes/delaybra.html
- IBM 360 Model 50: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360_Model_50
- RR Auction: https://www.rrauction.com/
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