Conquests and Cultural Shifts in Afro-Eurasia

This chapter examines the profound effects of the Islamic and Mongol conquests on geographical and political landscapes across Afro-Eurasia. It discusses the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate, the internal conflicts shaping the Islamic world, and the role of environmental factors in these historical transformations. Furthermore, the chapter contrasts the educational accessibility and scholarly contributions of the Islamic world with those of Western Europe, highlighting their rich cultural legacy.