How Much Will Transition Away From Coal and Water Renewables Cost?

In present value terms, we estimated the total cost to transition away from coal to water renewables is 29 trillion. In Europe today, a ton of CO2 on the EU emission trading system has been priced at over 90 euros per ton. We are relying on a survey of climate experts, both the economists and climate scientists. The lower bound estimate from that survey is $80 per ton of CO 2, which is what we're using.