A hundred years ago, insulin was scraped from pig pancreases. Today, it’s made by bacteria in giant tanks. In the second part of a mini series on proteins, drug development and AI, Saloni tells the story of how insulin went from a crude animal extract to the first genetically-engineered drug, kickstarting the biotech industry along the way.
Hard Drugs is a new podcast from Works in Progress and Open Philanthropy about medical innovation presented by Saloni Dattani and Jacob Trefethen.
Saloni’s substack newsletter: https://www.scientificdiscovery.dev/
Jacob’s blog: https://blog.jacobtrefethen.com/ 
Subscribe to the Works in Progress print magazine: https://worksinprogress.co/print/
Books:
- Genentech: The beginnings of biotech by Sally Smith Hughes
 
Articles:
Podcasts:
Acknowledgements:
- Aria Babu, editor at Works in Progress
 - Adrian Bradley, on-site producer
 - Anna Magpie, fact-checking
 - Abhishaike Mahajan, cover art
 - Atalanta Arden-Miller, art direction
 - David Hackett, composer
 
Works in Progress & Open Philanthropy