Origins and fashion history of high heels

Hallux valgus (bunions) are more common in women than men and high heeled shoes are often blamed. But how much of the problem is environment and how much genetics?

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Editor: Robyn Flynn

Theme music: "Fall of the Ocean Queen" by Joseph Hackl

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Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.

References:

1. Bunions in unshod populations: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13587573/

2. Prevalence of bunions in the general population: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20868524/

3. The 2004 Cochrane review on conservative therapies to treat bunions: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20868524/

4. More recent data on conservatie therapies to treat bunions: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34408037/

5. The 2024 Cochrane review on surgery to treat bunions: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013726.pub2/full