The Importance of Cultural Evolution in Islamic History

Quran sees Ban's own apostasy as a core problem in Islamic history. He gives many other examples of Islamic clerics and leaders who violently quashed dissent, persecuted various sects and force religious homogenization. I would add several points. First, clearly Islamic institutions were not set in stone. There has been cultural evolution. Secondly, in focusing on the Middle East, Quran omits the region's post-conquests Mamluk institutions that enabled state-led religious persecution. So allow me to illustrate with examples from Morocco and the Ottoman Empire. In 1147, this alma had movement over through the ruling alma ora vad dynasty and institutionalized puritanical Islam. And