China's Role in Climate Geopolitics

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The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has taken on a landmark climate case, spearheaded by the small island nation of Vanuatu, in collaboration with youth leaders and seasoned climate advocates. It’s a story of legal innovation and breaking points.

We were honored to speak with Professor Elisabeth Holland, a pioneer in climate negotiations and a guiding force behind the Pacific region’s climate leadership. Joining us was Loes van Dijk, founder of Climate Court (you should subscribe) and a returning voice on our show. Together, we explored the origins, stakes, and possible outcomes of this unprecedented ICJ case.

From Classroom to Courtroom

When law students at the University of the South Pacific were challenged to imagine actionable solutions to the climate crisis, they didn’t merely brainstorm; they created a movement. As Professor Holland recounted, these students drafted the first legal frameworks that would ultimately lead to Vanuatu’s case at the ICJ. Their mission? To hold major emitters accountable for the devastation wrought by climate change.

Professor Holland shared the remarkable origins of this effort, including the critical role of educators and leaders like Tony de Brum, whose work championed climate justice not just for the Pacific, but for the planet. This isn’t merely a legal case—it’s a bold redefinition of what global climate accountability can look like.

A Stark Contrast: ICJ Proceedings vs. COP Diplomacy

The ICJ case has brought to light a legal and ethical battleground that feels starkly different from the staged diplomacy of annual COP summits. Professor Holland and Loes reflected on the plain-spoken clarity of the arguments presented in The Hague—far removed from the performative consensus-building often seen in international climate negotiations.

Attribution Science: A New Frontier in Climate Justice

A pivotal element of this case is attribution science—the ability to trace climate impacts to specific emitters. While still an evolving field, this science has grown increasingly robust, enabling plaintiffs to demonstrate the direct role of emissions from particular states and corporations in fueling climate disasters.

Professor Holland emphasized the transformative potential of attribution science, which entered the climate lexicon during the second assessment cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

The Pacific’s Collective Voice

One of the most striking aspects of the Pacific submissions is their deeply collective ethos. As Professor Holland noted, Pacific cultures are rooted in interconnectedness—whether it’s the navigation of vast ocean expanses or the shared stewardship of fragile ecosystems. This perspective shapes their legal arguments, which often go beyond individual nations' interests to emphasize global responsibility.

“The Pacific has always been here to save the world,” Professor Holland said, echoing the late Tony de Brum’s declaration after the Copenhagen climate summit.

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