The Origins of Magical Practices in the 20th Century

From the early 20th century with the activities of people like Alistair Crowley and then later generations of modern occultists, you get this idea that somehow magic is a kind of ritual practice which can invoke cosmic forces to create effect in the world or on individuals. And it's there's an increasingly blurry zone between people who might really want to kind of pick a God and worship them in a kind of devotional way and people who want to strip out any sort of devotional practice from their forms of magical practice. In the 70s, yeah, by the70s, you get the emergence of things like chaos magic, where people are wanting to use magical techniques of visualization of what we