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The Impact of Large Explosive Eruptions on the Earth
There were very large explosions that were ejecting huge quantities of ash and pumice, which also had a lot of thermal energy. The ash cloud climbed up into the atmosphere, into the stratosphere. With these kinds of eruptions, you have towering columns of ash is because they're behaving a little bit like hot air balloons. They're buoyant from all of the thermal energy and all of the air that's entrained into this ash column just lifts the ash column up to heights of 20, 30 kilometers.