Habsburg Influence and Spain's Turmoil

This chapter delves into the Habsburg rulers' detachment from direct governance in Spain, focusing on their military priorities over local issues amidst social and religious upheaval. It highlights the political conflict between traditionalists and liberals during the 19th century, marked by events like the Carlist Wars and the establishment of the First Spanish Republic. Additionally, it examines early 20th-century urbanization, the rise of radical left factions, and the ideological divisions that culminated in the Spanish Civil War.