Henry Barnard and the Birth of the Department of Education

This chapter explores the appointment of Henry Barnard as the first commissioner of the Department of Education in 1867, focusing on his ambitious vision for educational reform and the unity of the nation post-Civil War. It details the challenges he faced, including criticism for his independent projects and insufficient support, as well as the department’s struggle to meet expectations. Additionally, the chapter reflects on the broader historical context of education in the U.S., particularly the strides made in literacy among formerly enslaved individuals and the ongoing debates around the federal government’s role in education.