The Panopticon Effect
99% Invisible
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Evolution of the Dutch Penal System
This chapter examines the history of the penal system in the Netherlands, focusing on the early establishment of Tuchthausen and the philosophy of using hard labor for reform. It discusses the architectural evolution towards solitary confinement inspired by the panopticon concept, as envisioned by Jeremy Bentham and later adapted by architect Johan Metzeler. The narrative highlights the ultimately flawed approach of solitary confinement as a means of rehabilitation, leading to societal movements for reform during and after World War II.
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