The History of the Northern Kingdoms

The intury itself is very cryptic. It's generally agreed that the northern peoples were not aly invaded or conquered by edward. Northumbria and all the other northern kingdoms recognized his power in some type of arrangement. They probably paid him tribute, but he never had direct control over those northern regions. So a unified england would have to wait a little longer. And as we'll soon see, edward's son athelstan extended anglo saxon rule all the way into scotland.