This Durga Puja has Vedic roots. It is primarily a tantric Puja. Shiva and Shakti are both involved here. Victory means the manifestation of our divine nature, the eradication of evil impulses - Vijayadashiva. That's the inner philosophy of it all.
On the auspicious occasion of Durga Puja, Swami Sarvapriyananda speaks on the significance of the Divine Mother.