We are training more graduate students in p h ds than can be absorbed by the field. More and more of our students are going into other lines of endeavor, which i think is wonderful. I believe that astro astronomical training has a some aspects that are unusual. There is a grasp of statistics, which most people don't have. Second, astronomers always have imperfect knowledge, but try to to conclusions anyway. And so we're not paralyzed by the fact that we don't know everything about something before trying to generate a hypothesis.