Gaurav Mittal on Political Geographies and the Urban Transportation Crisis
Ideas of India
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The Shadow State Is a Threat to Public Busses
In some sense, it's very difficult to reform the rules and make these more formal or more legal. There are so many people who are interested in this existing, but not interested in giving it formality rigt. And especially when they reach any informal setting, in formal market, there will be this shadow state which operates. But the thing is that this shadow state cannot operate by itself if it is not propagated by bureacratic state. Absolutely. It is hand in gloves kind of thing which happens where bureaucratic state and shutter state benefit from each other. That is why they are able to sustain yes.
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