One of the features of tempered liberalism is an pato for complexity. And so these are, all four of them very complex thinkers. But i'll try to give something of a capsual summary and also say something about how i think each contributes to the overall shape of what i call temperad liberalism. Most of them come of age in the inter war period. The exception is reinhold nibor, who's a bit older. Nibor is an american theologian of german descent,. He comes in this period quite close, although he doesn't entirely embrace it, but quite close to a form of revolutionary socialism.