The Dual Paradigm of Women's Citizenship

In December 1949 the abducted persons recovery and restoration act laid down a date after which all mixed unions that is unions between men and women belonging to different religions would be treated as cases where women had been abducted. Gopal's book makes this exception point that quote this entailed not only determining the religion at birth of a woman almost as if it were a biological characteristic but also her biological status as a woman whose body had been violated impregnated and otherwise defiled by union with a male of another religious community. A powerful patriarchal nationalism informed such interpretations of the abducted woman's body as a metaphor for national purity honor and morality.