The Four Pillars of Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

This chapter discusses the four pillars of therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (Hef ref) and the progression of therapies over the years. It explores the guidelines for initiating and sequencing medications, the challenges in achieving optimal doses, and the evidence supporting the use of low doses of multiple medications. The chapter also highlights the mortality benefits of multiple drug classes and provides a titration schedule for initiating medical therapies in heart failure patients.