Change Isn't Like Surgery

In the 1960s psychiatrist Aaron Beck was working with his clients when he suddenly realized it was their beliefs that were causing their problems. Now cognitive therapy teaches people to rein in their extreme judgments and make them more reasonable. Mindsets frame the running account that's taking place in people's heads. They guide the whole interpretation process. People with a growth mindset are also constantly monitoring what's going on, but their internal monologue is not about judging themselves or others.